X\u01a1 d\u1eeba c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a ch\u1ea5t Tanin (ch\u1ea5t ch\u00e1t) v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t Ligin (kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5m h\u00fat n\u01b0\u1edbc), 2 ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y g\u00e2y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng.<\/p>\n
X\u01a1 d\u1eeba \u0111\u00e3 qua x\u1eed l\u00fd l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf ch\u1ea5t Tanin v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t Ligin ra kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m x\u01a1 d\u1eeba.<\/p>\n
L\u00e0m sao lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf ch\u1ea5t Tanin v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t Ligin ?<\/p>\n
\u2013 Ch\u1ea5t Tanin (ch\u1ea5t ch\u00e1t) : s\u1ebd h\u00f2a tan \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u01b0\u1edbc, nh\u01b0 v\u1eady theo nguy\u00ean l\u00fd n\u00e0y th\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf ch\u1ea5t Tanin th\u00ec ta s\u1ebd d\u00f9ng n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u00e2m chung v\u1edbi x\u01a1 d\u1eeba \u0111\u1ec3 cho ch\u1ea5t Tanin h\u00f2a tan ra v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc, sau \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd x\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y ra b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i th\u00ec ch\u1ea5t Tanin s\u1ebd c\u0169ng ch\u1ea3y theo ra b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i, l\u00fac n\u00e0y th\u00ec trong x\u01a1 d\u1eeba s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ch\u1ee9a ch\u1ea5t Tanin n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n
\u2013 Ch\u1ea5t Ligin (kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5m h\u00fat n\u01b0\u1edbc) : s\u1ebd h\u00f2a tan \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng : n\u01b0\u1edbc + v\u00f4i b\u1ed9t, nh\u01b0 v\u1eady theo nguy\u00ean l\u00fd n\u00e0y th\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf ch\u1ea5t Ligin th\u00ec ta s\u1ebd d\u00f9ng n\u01b0\u1edbc + v\u00f4i b\u1ed9t v\u00e0 khu\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ec3 v\u00f4i b\u1ed9t h\u00f2a tan ra trong n\u01b0\u1edbc, sau \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ed5 x\u01a1 d\u1eeba v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u00e2m chung,l\u00fac n\u00e0y ch\u1ea5t Ligin s\u1ebd h\u00f2a tan ra trong n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00f4i n\u00e0y, sau \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd x\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y ra b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i th\u00ec ch\u1ea5t Ligin s\u1ebd c\u0169ng ch\u1ea3y theo ra b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i, l\u00fac n\u00e0y th\u00ec trong x\u01a1 d\u1eeba s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ch\u1ee9a ch\u1ea5t Ligin n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n
Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o ?<\/p>\n
B\u01b0\u1edbc 1 : x\u1eed l\u00fd ch\u1ea5t Tanin
\nNg\u00e2m n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1edbi x\u01a1 d\u1eeba, ng\u00e2m kho\u1ea3n 7 ng\u00e0y, ng\u00e0y th\u1ee9 8 x\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc ra v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed5 n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1edbi v\u00f4 ng\u00e2m ti\u1ebfp, ng\u00e0y th\u1ee9 9 x\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc ra v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed5 n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1edbi v\u00f4 ng\u00e2m ti\u1ebfp, ng\u00e0y th\u1ee9 10 x\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc ra ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed5 n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1edbi v\u00f4 ng\u00e2m ti\u1ebfp, ng\u00e0y th\u1ee9 11 x\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc ra. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ea5t Tanin ra kh\u1ecfi x\u01a1 d\u1eeba.<\/p>\n
B\u01b0\u1edbc 2 : x\u1eed l\u00fd ch\u1ea5t Ligin
\nSau khi x\u1eed l\u00fd xong ch\u1ea5t Tanin \u1edf b\u01b0\u1edbc 1, ch\u00fang ta l\u1ea5y x\u01a1 d\u1eeba h\u1ebft ra b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i h\u1ed3 ch\u1ee9a (b\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9a), \u0111\u1ed5 n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ea1ch v\u00e0o trong h\u1ed3 ch\u1ee9a (b\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9a) + v\u00f4i b\u1ed9t (t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 pha l\u00e0 100 l\u00edt n\u01b0\u1edbc : 1 kg v\u00f4i b\u1ed9t), sau \u0111\u00f3 khu\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ec1u cho v\u00f4i b\u1ed9t h\u00f2a tan trong n\u01b0\u1edbc, r\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ed5 x\u01a1 d\u1eeba (\u0111\u00e3 x\u1eed l\u00fd ch\u1ea5t Tanin) v\u00e0o h\u1ed3 ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u00e2m, ng\u00e2m kho\u1ea3n 5 ng\u00e0y r\u1ed3i x\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc ra, sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed5 n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ea1ch v\u00e0o ng\u00e2m ti\u1ebfp, ng\u00e0y th\u1ee9 6 x\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc ra v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ed5 n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ea1ch v\u00e0o ng\u00e2m ti\u1ebfp,v\u00e0 l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i quy tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y 3 ng\u00e0y li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1ea3 h\u1ebft ch\u1ea5t Ligin v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00f4i ra kh\u1ecfi x\u01a1 d\u1eeba.<\/p>\n
Sau khi x\u1eed l\u00fd xong 2 b\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y, chung ta d\u00f9ng b\u00fat \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1edbi 2 ch\u1ec9 ti\u00eau EC v\u00e0 PH. N\u1ebfu k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111o l\u00e0 : EC <=0,5 v\u00e0 PH : 6 \u2013 7 th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 k\u1ebft x\u1eed l\u00fd t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n y\u00eau c\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n
T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf Tanin v\u00e0 Ligin ra kh\u1ecfi x\u01a1 d\u1eeba, quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 sau khi x\u1eed l\u00fd xong v\u00e0 cho ra k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 EC <= 0,5 v\u00e0 PH: 6-7 th\u00ec \u0111\u1ec1u ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea1t ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n c\u1ee7a x\u01a1 d\u1eeba \u0111\u00e3 qua x\u1eed l\u00fd. N\u00ean ch\u00fang ta mu\u1ed1n d\u00f9ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0o th\u00ec t\u00f9y mi\u1ec5n sao cho ra k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u00fang l\u00e0 ok th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"